But of course, water isn’t the only resource coveted by people looking for places to live. On the other hand, it does not make sense for humans to live in barren areas where water resources are scarce, which is why the world’s deserts are sparsely populated. It makes sense for humans to settle near sources of freshwater, since people need water to drink and to cultivate crops. In fact, even today, the bulk of Egypt’s current population of approximately 100 million people live in the Nile River Valley. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers were the lifeblood of the ancient civilizations of the Mesopotamia, just as the Nile River was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt. The previously mentioned ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt were built in river valleys, not just because the terrain is relatively flat, but because ancient people wanted to be close to the rivers. Since ancient times, humans have had a tendency to live where there are abundant freshwater resources. One particular natural resource has always been an important factor in determining where people live: water. For this reason, areas where there are deserts or high mountains present tend to have less people living in them. Population density tends to be higher in areas that have more natural resources. Despite most of its area being part of the Great Sahara Desert, the perennial Nile River flowing throught Egypt allowed human civilisation to flourish along the banks of the Nile. Resources Cairo, the capital of Egypt along the Nile River. Indeed, the earliest civilizations, like those of Mesopotamia and Egypt, were historically built in river valleys, where the terrain is flat and easily traversed. It is no wonder, then, that a large part of India’s population lives in the area that surrounds the Ganges River. In contrast, lowland areas, such as the Ganges Valley in India, the world’s second most populous country, are ideal for building homes, workplaces, and transportation networks. These mountains contain very few areas in which complex structures can be built, and where transportation networks can be constructed. The Himalayas are home to some of the world’s tallest mountains, including Mount Everest. This is the reason why the Himalayan region of Asia is so sparsely populated. For example, mountainous areas are normally not densely populated, because it is difficult to construct complex structures on mountainous terrain.
Generally speaking, people prefer to live where it is easier to build homes, workplaces, and transportation networks. Topography can be a key factor in determining how many people live in a certain area.
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